Blood cancer is a disease that affects the production and function of blood cells in the body. It starts with the growth of abnormal cells in the bone marrow. The main causes of this are:
Genetic causes: In some people, changes in the structure of DNA cause blood cells to grow uncontrollably. People with certain genetic conditions, such as Down syndrome, are more likely to develop blood cancer than others.
Radiation and chemicals: Exposure to excessive amounts of radiation such as X-rays can damage cells. In addition, prolonged exposure to harmful chemicals such as benzene also increases the risk of the disease.
Previous treatments: People who have had radiation treatment or chemotherapy for other cancers have a small chance of developing blood cancer as a side effect over time.
Weakened immune system: A weakened immune system, such as due to infections such as HIV or medications taken after an organ transplant, can lead to the growth of abnormal cells.
Smoking and age: Smoking interferes with the natural growth of blood cells. Similarly, certain types of blood cancers (leukemia) are more common in people over the age of 60, as the division of blood cells changes with age.