The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland found in the front of the neck. This gland plays a major role in regulating the body’s metabolism. Both an increase in thyroid hormone (Hyperthyroidism) and a decrease in it (Hypothyroidism) can affect health. The main causes are:
Iodine deficiency: Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. A decrease in the amount of iodine in the diet causes swelling of the thyroid gland (Goiter) and dysfunction
Autoimmune diseases: This is a condition in which the body’s immune system attacks its own thyroid gland. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (causes hypothyroidism) and Graves’ disease (causes hyperthyroidism) are important in this.
Hormonal changes and pregnancy: Women experience major changes in thyroid hormones during pregnancy and after childbirth. This can lead to temporary or permanent thyroid problems.
Stress and lifestyle: Excessive stress indirectly affects the functioning of the thyroid gland. Lack of proper sleep and poor nutrition can also cause hormonal imbalance.
Infections and inflammation: Inflammation of the thyroid gland (thyroiditis) can occur due to viral or bacterial infections. This can lead to excess hormones being released into the bloodstream or reduced production.