The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland in the front of the neck. The hormones it produces control the body’s metabolism. When its levels change, hypothyroidism (low hormone) or hyperthyroidism (high hormone) occurs. The main causes are:
Iodine deficiency: Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. Low iodine levels in the diet can cause goiter and dysfunction of the thyroid gland.
Autoimmune diseases: This is a condition in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis causes low hormone levels, while Graves’ disease causes high hormone levels.
Hormonal changes and age: Thyroid problems are more common in women than in men. Hormonal changes during pregnancy and menopause can affect the thyroid.
Genetic factors: If someone in your family has thyroid problems, the next generation is more likely to have them. It is possible that the functioning of this gland is hereditary.
Stress and lifestyle: Severe mental stress can cause an imbalance in thyroid hormones. In addition, the side effects of some medications and radiation treatments can also adversely affect the thyroid.