The thyroid is a small butterfly-shaped gland found in the front of the neck. The decrease in the function of this gland, which controls the body’s metabolism (Metabolism), and the increase (Hypothyroidism) cause many health problems. The main causes are:
Iodine levels: Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. Excessive or decreased iodine levels in the diet affect the functioning of the thyroid gland.
Autoimmune diseases: This is a condition in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland (for example, Hashimoto’s disease). This causes a decrease or increase in hormone production and causes inflammation in the thyroid gland.
Stress: Although severe psychological stress does not directly affect the functioning of the thyroid gland, it can complicate existing thyroid problems. The stress hormone cortisol disrupts the balance of thyroid hormones.
Genetic factors and inheritance: If someone in the family has thyroid problems, the next generation is more likely to develop this disease. This hormonal imbalance is especially common in women.
Drug use and other diseases: Thyroid function can be disrupted as a side effect of drugs used for certain treatments or diseases. In addition, changes in the function of the pituitary gland can affect thyroid hormone.