Edema is a condition in which excess fluid accumulates between the cells of the body. It can often be a symptom of other health problems. The main causes are:
Kidney failure: The kidneys are responsible for excreting excess salt and water from the body. When the kidneys slow down, fluid builds up in the body and causes swelling in the legs and under the eyes.
Heart problems: When the heart’s ability to pump blood decreases (Heart Failure), blood accumulates in the veins. This mainly causes swelling in the feet and ankles.
Excessive salt intake: When there is too much salt (sodium) in the diet, the body starts to retain more water. This can cause temporary swelling.
Liver diseases: Liver diseases cause a decrease in the level of a protein called albumin in the blood. This causes fluid to leak out of the blood vessels and cause swelling in the abdomen and legs.
Sitting and standing for long periods of time: People who work or travel while sitting in the same place for hours on end tend to have reduced blood flow to their legs, causing fluid to accumulate and cause swelling.