The thyroid is a small butterfly-shaped gland found below our neck. The hormones it produces control the body’s metabolism. An increase or decrease in its level can cause many health problems. The main causes are:
Iodine deficiency: Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. A decrease in the amount of iodine in the diet causes the thyroid gland to swell (goiter) and reduce hormone production.
Autoimmune diseases: This is a condition in which the body’s own immune system attacks the thyroid gland. The main ones are ‘Hashimoto’s thyroiditis’ (reduced hormone) and ‘Graves’ disease’ (increased hormone).
Hormonal changes and stress: Excessive mental stress can affect the balance of thyroid hormones. Hormonal changes that occur in women during pregnancy and menopause increase the risk of thyroid problems.
Genetics: If someone in your family has thyroid disease, it is more likely to be passed on to the next generation. Genetic factors can affect the functioning of the thyroid gland.
Nutritional deficiencies and other medications: Deficiencies in nutrients such as selenium and zinc can affect thyroid function. Thyroid abnormalities can also occur as a side effect of some medications taken for other conditions.