The thyroid is a small butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of the neck. This gland controls the body’s metabolism, energy, and heart rate. An increase (Hyperthyroidism) or decrease (Hypothyroidism) in the level of thyroid hormone can affect health. The main causes are:
Iodine deficiency: The body needs iodine to produce thyroid hormone. A decrease in the level of iodine in the diet causes swelling of the thyroid gland (Goiter) and hormonal changes.
Autoimmune diseases: This is a condition in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid cells (for example, Hashimoto’s disease). This causes a decrease in hormone production.
Genetic factors: If someone in the family has thyroid problems, it is more likely to be passed on to the next generation. Thyroid diseases are more common in women than in men.
Stress and lifestyle: Excessive stress can affect hormone levels. This disrupts the functioning of the thyroid gland. This is further exacerbated by an unhealthy diet and lack of exercise.
Other diseases and medications: Some viral infections can cause inflammation of the thyroid gland (Thyroiditis). Also, changes in thyroid function can occur as a side effect of some medications taken for other diseases.