The thyroid is the main gland that controls the body’s metabolism. Changes in its function cause two conditions: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism. The main causes are:
Iodine deficiency: Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. A decrease in the amount of iodine in the diet causes swelling of the gland (Goiter) and dysfunction.
Autoimmune diseases: This is a condition in which the body’s own immune system attacks the thyroid gland (for example, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis). This reduces or overproduces hormone production.
Mental stress and lifestyle: Severe stress can affect hormone balance. Lack of proper sleep and lack of exercise can slow down the functioning of the thyroid gland.
Genetic factors: If someone in your family has thyroid problems, it is likely to be passed on to the next generation. It is common for the thyroid gland to be underactive in a hereditary manner.
Inflammation (Thyroiditis): Inflammation of the thyroid gland, either due to a viral infection or otherwise, causes excess hormones to be released into the bloodstream.