Blood pressure is the pressure that the heart exerts on the arteries to deliver clean blood to the cells of our body. The correct pressure level for a normal person is 120/80 mmHg. But when this level is continuously above 140/90 mmHg, it is called hypertension. It is called the ‘Silent Killer’ because it does not show any symptoms initially. If not controlled on time, it can cause heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure. Here are the 5 main scientific reasons behind high blood pressure:
High Sodium Intake: The most important scientific reason for high blood pressure is excessive consumption of sodium (salt) in the diet. When we eat too much salt, the sodium level in the blood increases. This can cause more water to be retained in the blood vessels. When blood volume increases in this way, the heart has to pump blood with more pressure and the pressure rises.
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Atherosclerosis: As we age or when there is too much fat (cholesterol) in the body, fat accumulates on the walls of the blood vessels, making them narrow and stiff. Scientifically, this is called atherosclerosis. When the elasticity of the blood vessels is lost, blood flow becomes less smooth and the pressure increases significantly.
Chronic Stress and Hormones: Severe mental stress at work or in life can increase the pressure. When stress increases, our body releases large amounts of the hormones adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones increase the heart rate and temporarily narrow the blood vessels. This can cause blood pressure to rise rapidly.
Obesity & Sedentary Lifestyle: When you gain weight, your heart has to pump more blood to deliver oxygen and nutrients to your body’s cells. In addition, a sedentary lifestyle can damage the health of your blood vessels. Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are also factors that directly narrow your blood vessels and increase your blood pressure.
Genetics & Secondary Factors: If your parents have high blood pressure in your family, there is a high chance that your next generation will also have it. In addition, people with chronic kidney diseases, thyroid disorders, and diabetes also have secondary hypertension.
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