Adenoids are usually very active during childhood (especially between the ages of 2 and 6). They usually shrink on their own by the time they reach adolescence. However, here are some factors that can cause adenoids to become significantly swollen in children during this age:
Chronic Infections: Children often have infections like colds, sore throats, or sinusitis. When bacteria or viruses enter the body, the adenoids try hard to fight them off, and as a result, they temporarily swell. When infections recur, this swelling becomes permanent.
Allergies / Allergic Rhinitis: Allergies to dust mites, pollen, pet dander, or certain foods are major factors that increase adenoid swelling in children. Inflammation in the digestive and respiratory tracts also affects the adenoids and causes them to enlarge.
Genetics: Some children are born with slightly larger adenoids than others. Children are more likely to develop this condition if their parents had adenoid problems when they were young.
Hyperactive Immune System: Children’s immune systems are very active during childhood. Even with a minor infection or irritation, the adenoid cells, which are part of the immune system, multiply rapidly (hyperplasia) and the gland can quickly enlarge.
Passive Smoking & Pollution: Children’s respiratory tracts are greatly irritated by passive smoking due to smoking by adults in the home. When combined with excessive air pollution, the cells in the throat and nose of children become inflamed, which can lead to enlarged adenoids.